Alternating-current motor.



Etf. W ALEXANDERSON. ALTERNATING CURRENT lMO/TOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR.1719JSy Patented Jly 6, 1909.

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.UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.

ERNST F. W. ALEXANDERSON, OF SOHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELEC- TRIO` COMPANY, A CORPORATION Ol" NEW YORK. Y

ALTERNATING-CURRENT MOTOR. i

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July e, 1909.

To all whom it may concern:

.lie it known that I, ERNST F. W. ALEX- ANnnRsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Scheneclady, btate of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in AlternatingiGui-rent Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to alternating-current motors of the commutator type, and

particularly to what is known as repulsion motors, 1n which the armature 1s connected in a local closed circuit. Such motors are particularly advantageous for 'use on "high- `a local closed circuit, but in which commutation at high speeds is obtained by including in the armature circuit a source of shunt voltage, and also the exciting Winding of the motor. The shunt voltage in the armature circuit reduces the strength of the inducing licld, and therefore prevents the production of excessive currents in the short-circuited coils, due to cutting this iield at high speeds, while the exciting Winding in the local closed circuit acts as a reactance, producing leakage fields which', when cut by the shortcircuited coils, neutralize the effect of commutation reactance. I have further pointed out in that prior application that, in order to obtain thevfull advantages of the motor K connections, the pitch of the armature coils should correspond to the portion of the stator covered by the inducing winding, so that the Inagnetornotive `forces of inducing and armature windings may have 'the same distribution, so that commutation may take place in a proper commutating field,

It is not always convenient to provide a separate transformer for supplying the lshunt voltage for the armature" circuit, nor is it always convenient to include the excit ing winding in the armature circuit.

My present invention consists 1u a novel'A arrangement of the motor connections, whereby the same results with respect to commutation are obtained as bythe arrangement disclosed in my former application, but no separate'transformer is required, neither is it necessary to include theexciting winding in the armature circuit.

My invention 'consists in short-circuiting the armature along the line of magnetization of the inducing ywinding throughrv a central portion of the inducing winding includedin said circuit. By including` a portion only of.Y the inducing winding in the armature cir.- euit,'a voltage is impressed on -thebrushes substantially in 'phase with the line-voltage, but ofa smal1er'amount, such asfwouldbe obtained from a separate `shunt. transformer,

while by employing the central portionl of the inducing winding for supplying? this voltage, leakage fields areproduced, due jto the imperfect interlinkage oftheI fluxes in the central and end-portions of the inducing winding, which lleakage fields in the end portions assist in commutation by neutralizing the electromotive force of commutation re actance precisely as did the leakage fields produced by includingthe excitingwinding in the armature-circuit, as dislzlosed in my earlier application. As in the arrangements of my earlier application, the coil-pitch of the armature winding should correspond to the portions of the stator covered by the inducin'g winding.

My invention will best-be understood by` V reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 shows diagrammatically an alterna'ting-current motor arranged in accordance with my invention; Fig..2 shows diagrammatically the development of a complete stator winding and connections for a :tounpole motor; and Figs. 3 and ishowv detail views of the stator laminat-ions at the point` of commutation. v v

In the drawings A representsthejarrna.- ture, which is provided with a commutator and commutator-brushes B.

C represents the inducing winding on the stator, and I) the exciting -wind-ing'lhe terminals of the inducing iwindinfgare indicated at c c, and the terminals "o the exciting winding at. d cl. v

E represents a reversing'switch whereby, the relative connections of inducing and ex-l citing windings, and consequently the direction of rotation of the motor, may be reversed. u

In addition tothe terminals c c, taps c are led oif from the inducing winding C at points near its center, and by means of these taps the armature is connected in a local closed circuit y through central portions of the inducing winding. A voltage substansmall amount, is thereby impressed upon the armature-brushes, while the imperfect interlinkage of the fluxes of the central portion of the inducing winding kbetween the taps c 1and of the end portions of the winding result in leakage fields Which assist commutation as has hertofore been explained. n The brushes are shown ,connected to the inducing winding on one pole only, for if the points c', c', were connected to similar points on the other half of the `Winding cross-currents l would flow through the connections. In order to obtain the full benefit of the connections shown, the armature coil-pitch should correspond to the portions of the stator over which the inducing winding is distributed. This is indicated in F ig., l, in which two armature-coils a are shown. The end connections of the other coils are -omitted in order to avoid confusing the diagram, but the conductorsare shown in the slots, and the effective conductors are distinguished from the conductors which are ineffective, due to the fractional pitch, by representing them by full circles, and the ineffective conductors by ,light circles. By means of the connections shown in Fig. l, the same results with respect to commutation are obtained as though a separate transformer were employed for impressing a shunt-voltage on the armature-brushes, and the exciting winding were included in the y armature-circuit.

Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic development ofthe stator winding for a four-pole machine. 4 Three coils per pole of the stator are employed for the exciting winding, as indicated' at D in Fig. 2. The remaining stator coils form the inducing winding C. The `terminals c of the inducing winding and the 50 terminals d of the exciting winding, and the taps e on the central portions of the inducin winding are lettered as in Fig. l.

It wil benoted that in Fig. 2 I have shown four taps brought out from the central por-y 55 tion of the inducing winding, so that the number of coils of the inducing winding connected in the armature-circuit, and consequently the amount of shunt-voltage impressed on the armature, may be varied.

In Iigs. 1 and 2 I have not' illustrated in the drawings the mechanical construction of stator or rotor, since these are matters which will be obvious to those skilled in the Iart. Since the stator windings, both inducing and 6 exciting. are distributed, the stator would be motor.

tially in phase with theline voltage, but of formed in practice like the stator of a standard induction motor,-that is, with a lalninated and uniformly distributed land slotted core, while the armature would be construct# ed like that of an ordinary direct-current It is sometimes desirable, for speeds muchv above synchronous, to reduce the amount of stator flux at the point of commutation. This can be done conveniently .by cutting olf the ends of the teeth of a portion of the stator laminations F opposite the '-armaturecoils a undergoing commutation,

as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 3 and more clearly in Fig. 4. This in eect increases the air gap at the point of commutation, while the teeth of the uncut laminations serve to hold the retaining wedges for the stator coils C.

I do not desire to limit myself to the particular winding arrangements and connections shown, but aim in the appended claims to cover all modifications which are within the scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

l. An alternating-current motor having inducing and exciting windings on the stator, an armature provided with a commutator, and brushes and connections short-circuiting the armature on the line of magnetization of the inducing winding through the central portion of the inducing winding.

2. An alternating-current motor h'aving inducing and exciting windings on the stator, an armature provided with a commutator and brushes, and having a winding with coil-pitch corresponding to the portions of the stator covered by the inducing windings, and connections including the armature in a local closed circuit with the central portion of the inducingwinding.

3. AnV alternating-current motor having inducing and exciting windings on the stator, the inducing winding being distributed over a portion only of the stator, an armature provided with a commutator and brushes and havinga winding with fractional-pitch corresponding to the portion ofthe stator over which the inducing winding is distributed, and connections including the armature in a local closed circuit with the central portion of the inducing winding.

4. An alternating-current motor having inducing and exciting windings on the stator, an armature provided with a commutator and brushes, and connections including the armature in a local closed circuit with the central portion of the inducing winding, said central portion being provided with more than two taps, whereby the number of coils of the inducing winding included in said local circuit may be varied.

5. An alternating-current motor having inducing and exciting windings on the stator,

ist

a portion only of Jche stator, an armature provided with a oominuatoi vand brushes and having u winding with fractional-pitch corresponding to the portion of the stator over which the inducing winding is distrib ued, and connections including,r the :unnatui'e in :i local closed circ-,uit with the contini portion oi {lie inducing' winding, said centra! poviion being provided wifi; more than i l i two taps, whereby the number of coils of the 10 inducing Winding` ini'iuded in Said local circuit may be Varied.

In witness Wheieof, havev hereunto set my hand this 16 day of April, 1908.

y ERNST F. W. ALEXANDERSON. iVitnossos BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN Olm um. 

